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Strategies and results in the development of insulin derivatives for the treatment of diabetes
Pokorný, Štěpán ; Jiráček, Jiří (advisor) ; Hlouchová, Klára (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to present insulin analogs and to analyse the direction of development of these organic compounds. The text contains basic information on this subject (e.g. the history of Diabetes Mellitus, the first treatment, the discovery of insulin (1921) and the experiments that preceded this discovery...). The thesis also explains the basic differences between type 1 and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the resulting differences in treatment. It mainly summarizes, the specific types of analogs, their chemical composition and the nature of their action. The main contribution of this work lies in the analysis of insulin analogs and the overview of the course in which the development of these analogues is proceeding or what innovations we can expect in diabetes therapy in the upcoming years. The thesis draws primarily from peer-reviewed scientific papers, articles and books (older as well as more recent ones) and from the expertise of the IOCB laboratory. All sources are well cited at the end of the work.
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Diet at patients after total pancreatectomy
ŠEDIVÁ, Denisa
In the bachelor degree project Diet for the patients after total pancreatectomy I deal with a diet of the patients who underwent surgery called total pancreatectomy. The introduction of the theoretical part is focused on the anatomy of the pancreas and its function. The following part of the project is directly focused on carcinoma, its epidemiology, incidence, cause of the disease and also development. I also deal with clinical symptoms, treatment and pancreatectomy itself. The last part of the project is oriented towards nutrition for the patients after surgery. Further in this section, I deal with pancreatic and diabetic diet and diet during chemotherapy, which many of the respondents have undergone. As the goal of the project, I chose to look into the alimentation of the patients with this disease and to find out how difficult it is to combine three types of diet together. I focused on the observation of the intake of basic nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The practical part I compose as a qualitative research. There were 6 respondents who took part in the research. Unfortunately, only two of them provided me with their blood glucose values to evaluate their alimentation according to the diabetic diet. The result was very surprising. In relation to the seriousness of the illness, most of them ate basically without restriction. They were eating everything they wanted except sweet dishes, for example cakes and fried dishes. They just watched their blood glucose values. Despite all the experienced weight loss, their current alimentation meets recommendation and no one of them suffers from lack of any of the macronutrients according to the results.
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Clinical impact of anatomical variation of the pancreas and its vascular supply
Rousek, Michael ; Kachlík, David (advisor) ; Liška, Václav (referee) ; Šubrt, Zdeněk (referee)
Knowledge of the anatomy of the pancreas, its vascular structures and their anatomical variations is crucial for the hepato-pancreato-biliary surgeon. Some anatomical variations of the pancreas can cause specific diseases in patients. Our work aims to provide a detailed review of clinically important variations in the anatomical structure of the pancreas and its vascular supply. The other goal was to identify the clinically important anatomical variations in the two most frequently performed pancreatic resections. The next goal was to describe the vascular supply of postresection pancreatic remnants and to determine a potentially critical anatomical arrangement that could influence postoperative perfusion of the remnant. The results were confirmed in a retrospective analysis of the patients after pancreatic resections. The most critical variations in the vascular supply of the pancreas were identified as a result of the experiment. Critical anatomical variations in the vascular supply of the postresection remnant after pancreaticoduodenectomy were found. In these cases, the vascular supply of the pancreatic remnant is provided only through non-constant anastomosis between the splenic artery and the transverse pancreatic artery. In the retrospective analysis, these patients had a significantly...
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Diabetic versus eating in public establishments (candy store) - production of ice cream for diabetics.
KRČMÁŘOVÁ, Lucie
In my bachelor thesis I deal with one of the most common diseases of civilization, diabetes mellitus. The theoretical part contains historical facts, information about anatomy of the pankreas, epidemiological characteristics and types of diabetes, as well as diagnosis, treatment and complications of this disease. In the part dealing with nutrition, I deal with macronutrients and micronutrients found in diabetic nutrition, glycemic index, recommendations for diabetics and the main topic of my bachelor thesis, sweeteners. In the practical part I deal with the production of two types of fruit sorbets (strawberry and raspberry) with the addition of artificial sweetener - sucralose. This ice cream is tested on five healthy volunteers and five volunteers with 1. and 2,. type of diabetes compared to strawberry and raspberry sorbet with sugar. The result of the research is to found out how individual types of the ice cream affect the glycemic curve of healthy volunteers and volunteers with diabetes.
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The development of death rates due to selected neoplasms in the European union between the years 1996-2010
Chaloupka, Ondřej ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
In all of the developed countries, malignant neoplasms are, along with cardiovascular diseases, among the most frequent causes of death. This tendency persists in the European Union countries for many years. The goal of this diploma thesis is to analyze the development of mortality caused by selected malignant neoplasms in the European Union countries from the year 1996 until 2010. The analysis is divided into 4 sections. Aside from standard demographic methods of evaluating the mortality rates by means of age-adjusted death rates calculation, statistical methods are used in this thesis as well. Primary methods used are Joinpoint regression, analysis of the course of specific death rates according to age groups and cluster analysis. In the observed period of time, mortality caused by stomach, cervical, and within the male population also respiratory tract malignant neoplasms declines. On the contrary, within the female population, the death rate caused by respiratory tract malignant neoplasms increases. Malignant skin melanoma represent a great future danger concerning the male population, and malignant pancreatic neoplasms concerning both genders. Over the observed time period, malignant skin melanoma death rate almost doubled in some of the countries. Within the European Union, the variations...
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Case Study of Physical therapy treatment of a patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation
Lonek, Jan ; Novotná, Irena (advisor) ; Charvát, Robert (referee)
Title: Case study of physical therapy treatment of a patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplantation Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to elaborate on case studies of the patient after a combined pancreas and kidney transplant from the perspective of a physical therapist. The case report is supplemented by theoretical information on transplantation and the patient's disease, which is diabetes mellitus. Methods: The thesis is divided into a general and a practical part. Based on the scientific literature, the general section summarizes basic knowledge about diabetes mellitus, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, and a subsequent physical therapy treatment. The practical part of the thesis describes the process of rehabilitation that the patient underwent during my continuous professional practice at the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine from January 22 to February 16, 2018. Results: During therapy sessions, the patient's overall physical condition and independence were rehabilitated, which were the main goals of the treatment plan. Furthermore, an elimination of reflex changes in soft tissue was achieved, especially in the abdominal area. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, transplantation, pancreas, kidney, physical therapy
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Functional role of Islet1 in pancreatic development
Malfatti, Jessica ; Pavlínková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Krausová, Michaela (referee)
1 Abstract Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the dysfunction and reduction of insulin-producing cells, resulting in hyperglycemia, which in long term harms the organism. For future therapy, it is crucial to understand the function of various factors participating in the differentiation and maturation of endocrine pancreatic cells. The aim of this study was to unravel the functional role of ISL1 during the development of the pancreas. ISL1 is expressed in all endocrine cells of the islets of Langerhansbut its function remains unclear, especially during early pancreatogenesis. As the global deletion of this gene is embryonically lethal, we used the tissue specific deletion of Isl1 in Neurod1 possitive cells using the Cre-loxP system. In this work we studied the effect of this deletion on the structure of islets of Langerhans, the formation of endocrine cell types and relative expression of genes during early pancreatic development. A defective achitecture of islets together with postnatal absence of α-cells was found in the Isl1 deletion mutant. Also, the expression of genes important for the specification of α-cell lineage and their subsequent function was decreased. The secondary outcome was the optimalization of a protocol for effective sorting of endocrine cells using fluorescent flow cytometry, which...
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